Studies

We have successfully published more than 40 studies. On the one hand, these are studies for governments, grid operators, and regulators, documenting and justifying regulatory decisions. On the other, they are projects for companies that use them to weigh in on energy policy debates.

With our long-standing project experience, our deep grasp of regulatory detail, and our rigorous commitment to scientific standards, we set ourselves apart from other consulting firms. Effective communication through plain language and concise graphics is an integral part of our work. Our studies are never just a slide deck – they always include a fully written report. We support publications in traditional and social media.

Communication and reach matter to us. Our social media channels have more than 90,000 followers combined. That reaches a large part of the energy policy community in Germany and Europe.

Recent studies

Injection charges for offshore wind
BWO · 2026

Injection charges for offshore wind

BWO · 2026

Germany’s regulator plans to charge generators for grid costs from 2029, aiming to relieve consumers and incentivize grid-friendly behavior. For the offshore wind association BWO, we find neither is met: as the state largely sets sites, connections, and capacity, the charge cannot steer behavior and raises CfD bids, burdening the federal budget.

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Marginal pricing
Eurelectric · 2026

Marginal pricing

Eurelectric · 2026

The debate about marginal pricing and the “merit order” has flared up again, with policymakers proposing wholesale interventions echoing the “Iberian Mechanism.” For the industry association Eurelectric, we produced a short study benchmarking prices against other markets, explaining marginal pricing, and debunking key merit-order misconceptions.

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Regulation of large-scale batteries
ECO STOR · 2026

Regulation of large-scale batteries

ECO STOR · 2026

Battery optimization is becoming increasingly constrained by flexible connection agreements and grid fees. For battery developer ECO STOR, we are developing a coherent set of incentives, rules, and restrictions for batteries that minimizes adverse grid impacts while preserving their value for balancing and wholesale markets.

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Regional wholesale prices
Enercity · 2026

Regional wholesale prices

Enercity · 2026

Few energy policy questions are debated so fiercely as the split of the German bidding zone: the wholesale market is blind to grid congestion, leading to inefficient dispatch, costly redispatch, and distorted cross-border trade. For the utility Enercity, we delivered a study on the pros and cons of uniform, zonal, and nodal pricing.

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Management fee
SFOE · 2025

Management fee

SFOE · 2025

Switzerland’s move to a single-price imbalance settlement in 2026 requires updating the management fee methodology for renewables. For the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, we analyzed the current approach and developed a transparent formula reflecting balancing costs under the new market design.

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Dynamic retail tariff
Naturstrom · 2025

Dynamic retail tariff

Naturstrom · 2025

German utilities with more than 200,000 customers must offer a dynamic retail tariff, but only a few households have adopted such tariffs. For Naturstrom, one of the ten largest German utilities, we analyzed which household types benefit from dynamic tariffs and quantified the potential to unlock household flexibility.

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Swiss balancing market design
ElCom · 2025

Swiss balancing market design

ElCom · 2025

Since the introduction of the PICASSO-compatible bidding process, Switzerland has seen a sharp increase in balancing prices. For the Swiss regulator ElCom, with Takon and ZEW, we analyzed the causes of the price rise, evaluated the current market design, and developed concrete proposals to improve the Swiss balancing market.

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